Bruviller J, Chleid E, Guer H, Mersier M
Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty of University, Namur, Belgium.
Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova. 1992 Jan-Feb;42(1):61-74.
Transformation of expectation phenomenon into the phenomenon of temporal regulation is usually achieved by the suppression of preliminary factors or by means of their physical modification. Our studies show that such transformation can be obtained in dogs using Kupalov paradigm with the presentation of additional stimuli. These stimuli strictly identical, from the physical point of view, to the signals which interrupt expectation are randomly introduced into the temporal limit. Absence of the reinforcement in response to the additional stimulus impels the animal to include temporal regulation in its behaviour, and an additional negative discriminative stimulus promotes an expression of active character of inhibition. These circumstances make our pattern closer to DRRD (differential reinforcement of response duration). In order to evaluate the merits of this procedure the influence was studied of anxiolytic (diazepam) and neuroleptic (closepine) on the stabilized reaction of experimental animals. The increase of responses duration by closepine and their shortening by diazepam as well as the influence of these pharmacological substances on the frequency of responses in dependence of dose, confirm the results of the previous studies of DRRD and DRL (differential reinforcement of low rate of responses) and prove differential sensitivity of our procedure to pharmacological substances.
期望现象向时间调节现象的转变通常是通过抑制初始因素或对其进行物理改变来实现的。我们的研究表明，在狗身上使用库帕洛夫范式并呈现额外刺激可以实现这种转变。从物理角度来看，这些刺激与中断期望的信号完全相同，它们被随机引入时间限制内。对额外刺激的反应缺乏强化促使动物在其行为中纳入时间调节，而额外的负性辨别刺激则促进抑制的主动特征的表现。这些情况使我们的模式更接近差异反应时程强化（DRRD）。为了评估该程序的优点，研究了抗焦虑药（地西泮）和抗精神病药（氯塞平）对实验动物稳定反应的影响。氯塞平使反应持续时间增加，地西泮使其缩短，以及这些药理物质对反应频率的剂量依赖性影响，证实了先前差异反应时程强化（DRRD）和低反应率差异强化（DRL）研究的结果，并证明了我们的程序对药理物质的差异敏感性。
