Comparison of electron microscopy and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the diagnosis of avian reovirus and rotavirus infections.

Electron microscopy (EM) and genome electropherotyping by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) for the detection of avian rotaviruses and reoviruses in intestinal specimens and cell cultures were compared. Fifty-eight field samples of intestine with intestinal contents, referred to as direct specimens, from turkey and chicken flocks located in different regions of California and submitted during 1989 for virus isolation were randomly selected as test samples. Also, 38 field intestinal specimens with suspected viral infection that had been passaged three times in primary chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cell cultures were used in their third passage. The percentage of agreement and the Kappa statistic of positive and negative results between these two tests were calculated. In the comparison, EM was considered the standard test. By statistical analysis, an agreement of 87% was observed in cell-culture samples analyzed by the two virus-detection methods, as contrasted with an agreement of 72% for direct specimens. The analysis of the number of segments and band migration profiles of reference and field virus strains indicated that only reoviruses replicated in CEK cell cultures and mainly rotaviruses were detected by both tests in direct specimens. The Kappa statistic analysis indicated substantial agreement (0.69) between the two tests for CEK samples, with moderate agreement (0.45) for the direct specimens examined.