Bell D G, Jacobs I
Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, North York, Ontario.
Can J Sport Sci. 1992 Mar;17(1):28-33.
This study investigated the effects of many years of bodybuilding on muscular strength and endurance. Eight bodybuilders (BB), 4 males and 4 females, and 8 controls (C), 4 males and 4 females, performed a muscle fatigue test (MFT) consisting of 25 maximal leg extensions at angular velocities of 180 and 300 degrees/s. The results for strength showed that at both the slow and fast contraction speeds, BB were significantly stronger than C and males were significantly stronger than females. For muscular endurance the results showed that at the slow contraction speed the torques and torque decline were greater in the BB than in the C, and greater in the males than the females. At the faster contraction speed, torque decline was similar in all groups while torques for the BB and male-C were similar and significantly greater than the torques for the female-C. The ratio of torques (fast/slow) for both strength and muscular endurance showed a main effect due to training status which supported the velocity specificity hypothesis. However, when the relative torques over the 25 contractions at both speeds were looked at, no velocity specificity occurred for muscular endurance. The data suggest a definite velocity specificity for the strength factor in BB whereas the same conclusion is not as clear for the muscular endurance factor.
本研究调查了多年健美运动对肌肉力量和耐力的影响。8名健美运动员（BB组），4名男性和4名女性，以及8名对照组（C组），4名男性和4名女性，进行了一项肌肉疲劳测试（MFT），该测试包括以180度/秒和300度/秒的角速度进行25次最大腿部伸展。力量测试结果表明，在慢速和快速收缩速度下，BB组均显著强于C组，且男性显著强于女性。对于肌肉耐力，结果表明，在慢速收缩速度下，BB组的扭矩和扭矩下降幅度大于C组，男性大于女性。在较快收缩速度下，所有组的扭矩下降情况相似，而BB组和男性C组的扭矩相似，且显著大于女性C组的扭矩。力量和肌肉耐力的扭矩比（快/慢）显示出因训练状态而产生的主效应，这支持了速度特异性假说。然而，当查看两种速度下25次收缩的相对扭矩时，肌肉耐力并未出现速度特异性。数据表明，BB组的力量因素存在明确的速度特异性，而对于肌肉耐力因素，同样的结论并不那么明确。
