Miller K E, Krol R A, Losh D P
Department of Family Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
J Fam Pract. 1992 Aug;35(2):163-8.
The risk of occupational exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be one of the important issues facing family physicians in the 1990s. The use of universal precautions has been shown to reduce the incidence of exposures to bloodborne pathogens. Studies indicate, however, that these guidelines are not being followed consistently by physicians or their staffs.
A survey of 3568 randomly sampled members of the American Academy of Family Physicians was performed using a questionnaire that was designed by the authors. Three mailings were conducted.
The total response rate was 39%. Approximately 80% of the respondents reported that they used gloves appropriately and disposed of sharp instruments in a puncture-resistant container. Only 39% "always" or "almost always" used eye protection when indicated, and only 35% "almost never" or "never" recapped used needles. There was a significant number of physicians who reported that they or their office staff had had an occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens within the last year.
Family physicians and their staffs do not uniformly follow universal precaution guidelines and, as a result, many have been exposed to blood products. If the physician or the office staff would not recap used needles and would place used sharp instruments in a puncture-resistant container, the greatest risks of occupational exposure would be reduced.
职业暴露于人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的风险可能是20世纪90年代家庭医生面临的重要问题之一。已证明使用通用预防措施可降低血源性病原体暴露的发生率。然而，研究表明，医生及其工作人员并未始终遵循这些指南。
使用作者设计的问卷对3568名随机抽取的美国家庭医生学会成员进行了调查。进行了三次邮寄。
总回复率为39%。约80%的受访者报告说他们正确使用了手套，并将尖锐器械丢弃在防穿刺容器中。只有39%的人在需要时“总是”或“几乎总是”使用眼部防护，只有35%的人“几乎从不”或“从不”重新盖帽使用过的针头。有相当数量的医生报告说，他们或其办公室工作人员在过去一年中曾职业暴露于血源性病原体。
家庭医生及其工作人员并未统一遵循通用预防措施指南，因此，许多人接触过血液制品。如果医生或办公室工作人员不重新盖帽使用过的针头，并将用过的尖锐器械放入防穿刺容器中，职业暴露的最大风险将降低。
