Macartney F J, Bain H H, Ionescu M I, Deverall P B, Scott O
Eur J Cardiol. 1976 Jun;4(2):191-211.
The angiocardiographic findings were reviewed in 21 patients with congenital mitral valve disease in whom the exact anotomic diagnosis was known independently. Patients with discordant (1)transposition and simple atrioventricular canal defects were excluded. No precise diagnosis was made in five patients (24%), all of whom had a cleft anterior leaflet or congenital short chordae. In the remainder, the specific diagnosis could have been made by injection of constrast medium downstream to the mitral valve alone in 15 (71%). Upstream injection was performed in 13 of these but would have made the precise diagnosis in only three (23%). In one patient both upstream and downstream injections were necessary. Anomalies giving characteristic angiocardiographic appearances were parachute valve, atresia, annular hypoplasia, dysplasia, anomalous arcade and anomalies associated with subaortic stenosis. Thus injection downstream to the valve is preferable to upstream injection, because it gives information about its patency, competence, tensor apparatus, and annular dimensions.
对21例先天性二尖瓣疾病患者的心血管造影结果进行了回顾，这些患者的准确解剖诊断已独立明确。排除了不一致性（1）转位和单纯房室管缺损的患者。5例患者（24%）未做出精确诊断，所有这些患者均有前叶裂或先天性短腱索。其余患者中，仅通过在二尖瓣下游注射造影剂就可以做出具体诊断的有15例（71%）。其中13例进行了上游注射，但仅3例（23%）能做出精确诊断。1例患者需要上游和下游注射。具有特征性心血管造影表现的异常包括降落伞瓣、闭锁、瓣环发育不全、发育异常、异常弓状结构以及与主动脉瓣下狭窄相关的异常。因此，瓣膜下游注射优于上游注射，因为它能提供有关瓣膜通畅性、功能、张力装置和瓣环大小的信息。
