Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits amiloride-sensitive sodium uptake in rat brain.

Both atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and its receptors are present in the central nervous system, but effects of ANP on brain are unclear. In the present study, we evaluated both the effects of ANP on sodium uptake, and a possible effector mechanism, the putative intracellular second messenger guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), in rat brain synaptosomes. In the presence of ANP (10(-7) M), the basal level of sodium uptake in synaptosomes was reduced (n = 6) from the control value of 1.90 +/- 0.06 to 1.73 +/- 0.04 (SE) nmol/mg protein at 5 min, P less than 0.05. The observed reduction of sodium uptake by ANP was not influenced by blockade of the other important pathways for sodium uptake. Addition of either a sodium channel blocker (tetrodotoxin) or an inhibitor of Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) (ouabain) did not affect sodium uptake in the presence of ANP. However, the reduction of sodium uptake was completely blocked by addition of amiloride. These findings suggest that ANP reduced sodium uptake via inhibition of an amiloride-sensitive pathway for sodium uptake. cGMP is a major intracellular second messenger for ANP in other tissues. We found that after stimulation with 10(-7) M ANP, synaptosomal cGMP increased significantly from 58.0 +/- 9.5 to 73.5 +/- 10.6 fmol/mg protein (P less than 0.01). When an analogue of cGMP, 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-bromo-cGMP), was added to synaptosomes, amiloride-sensitive sodium uptake was again inhibited, by a similar amount as occurred with ANP. It appears that in rat brain, ANP inhibits amiloride-sensitive sodium uptake via a pathway involving intracellular production of cGMP.