Am Fam Physician. 1992 Oct;46(4):1199-207.
Industrial carbon tetrachloride is used in the synthesis of chlorofluorocarbons and chlorinated solvents. Although both production and use of carbon tetrachloride are declining, industrial and hazardous waste sites remain as sources of exposure. Workers using carbon tetrachloride or products that contain it are at highest risk of exposure. Diabetics and persons who drink alcohol may have an increased risk of adverse effects following exposure to carbon tetrachloride. Acute exposure may result in rapid central nervous system depression. Symptoms of hepatic and renal toxicity may arise one to four days later. Carbon tetrachloride is considered a possible carcinogenic agent. Administration of N-acetylcysteine may reduce complications of severe carbon tetrachloride exposure. Removal of the source of exposure and avoidance of other hepatotoxicants is the only treatment for chronic carbon tetrachloride toxicity.
工业用四氯化碳用于合成氯氟烃和氯化溶剂。尽管四氯化碳的生产和使用都在减少,但工业和危险废物场所仍是接触源。使用四氯化碳或含有四氯化碳产品的工人面临的接触风险最高。糖尿病患者和饮酒者接触四氯化碳后出现不良反应的风险可能会增加。急性接触可能导致中枢神经系统迅速抑制。肝毒性和肾毒性症状可能在1至4天后出现。四氯化碳被认为是一种可能的致癌物质。给予N-乙酰半胱氨酸可能会减少严重四氯化碳接触的并发症。消除接触源并避免接触其他肝毒性物质是慢性四氯化碳中毒的唯一治疗方法。