de Lamirande E, Gagnon C
Urology Research Laboratory, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
J Androl. 1992 Sep-Oct;13(5):368-78.
Mammalian spermatozoa are sensitive to oxygen-induced damages mediated by lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) could also induce axonemal damage. When Percoll-separated spermatozoa were treated with hydrogen peroxide, or the combination xanthine and xanthine oxidase (X + XO), there was a progressive decrease, leading to a complete arrest, in sperm flagellar beat frequency. Once demembranated in a medium containing magnesium adenosine triphosphate (Mg.ATP), ROS-immobilized spermatozoa still reactivated motility; however, the percentage and duration of motility obtained in these tests gradually decreased to zero in the next hour. In 50% of the cases, motility of intact spermatozoa spontaneously reinitiated after 6 to 24 hours of immobilization due to ROS treatment, although with percentages and beat frequencies lower than those of untreated spermatozoa. Studies using ROS scavengers (such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and dimethylsulfoxide) indicated that hydrogen peroxide was the most toxic of the ROS involved, but that .O2- and .OH probably also played a role in immobilization of spermatozoa by ROS. The data suggest that ROS induce a chain of events leading to sperm immobilization, that axonemes are affected, and that limited endogenous repair mechanisms exist to reverse these damages.
哺乳动物的精子对由细胞膜脂质过氧化介导的氧诱导损伤敏感。本研究的目的是评估活性氧（ROS）是否也能诱导轴丝损伤。当用 Percoll 分离的精子用过氧化氢、或黄嘌呤与黄嘌呤氧化酶的组合（X + XO）处理时，精子鞭毛摆动频率会逐渐降低，直至完全停止。一旦在含有镁三磷酸腺苷（Mg.ATP）的培养基中去膜，ROS 固定的精子仍能重新激活运动能力；然而，在这些测试中获得的运动能力百分比和持续时间在下一小时内逐渐降至零。在 50% 的情况下，由于 ROS 处理而固定 6 至 24 小时后，完整精子的运动能力会自发重新启动，尽管其百分比和摆动频率低于未处理的精子。使用 ROS 清除剂（如过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和二甲基亚砜）的研究表明，过氧化氢是所涉及的 ROS 中毒性最大的，但超氧阴离子（.O2-）和羟自由基（.OH）可能也在 ROS 使精子固定中起作用。数据表明，ROS 会引发一系列导致精子固定的事件，轴丝会受到影响，并且存在有限的内源性修复机制来逆转这些损伤。
