Sato A, Sato Y
Department of Autonomic Nervous System, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan.
Neurosci Res. 1992 Sep;14(4):242-74. doi: 10.1016/0168-0102(92)90071-j.
We review mainly recent studies on vasodilative regulation of cortex and hippocampus by central cholinergic nerves originating in the basal forebrain. We also briefly review the influence of other central noradrenergic fibers originating in the locus ceruleus, serotonergic fibers originating in the dorsal raphe nucleus, dopaminergic fibers originating in the substantia nigra, and peripheral sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers upon regulation of regional cerebral blood flow. Local metabolites have long been considered to play an important physiological role in regulating regional cerebral blood flow. However, the evidence reviewed here emphasizes that the regulation of regional cerebral blood flow by these central cholinergic nerves is independent of regional metabolism. We propose through this review that although studies investigating neural regulation of cortical and hippocampal blood flow by cholinergic fibers originating in the basal forebrain have added much to the understanding of regulation of regional cerebral blood flow further studies are needed to determine the physiological relevance of regional cerebral blood flow in relation to higher nervous functions such as memory, learning, and personality, and changes in these cognitive functions with aging and pathology such as Alzheimer's disease.
我们主要综述了近期关于起源于基底前脑的中枢胆碱能神经对皮质和海马体血管舒张调节的研究。我们还简要综述了起源于蓝斑核的其他中枢去甲肾上腺素能纤维、起源于中缝背核的5-羟色胺能纤维、起源于黑质的多巴胺能纤维以及外周交感和副交感神经纤维对局部脑血流调节的影响。长期以来，局部代谢产物一直被认为在调节局部脑血流中发挥重要的生理作用。然而，这里综述的证据强调，这些中枢胆碱能神经对局部脑血流的调节独立于局部代谢。通过本次综述我们提出，尽管对起源于基底前脑的胆碱能纤维对皮质和海马体血流的神经调节的研究大大增进了我们对局部脑血流调节的理解，但仍需要进一步研究以确定局部脑血流与记忆、学习和人格等高级神经功能的生理相关性，以及这些认知功能随衰老和阿尔茨海默病等病理变化的情况。
