Drexler H G
German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany.
Leuk Lymphoma. 1992 Nov;8(4-5):283-313. doi: 10.3109/10428199209051008.
The most recent sophisticated investigations have provided new and revealing, but also contradictory and controversial information on the biological nature and the cellular origin of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells (H-RS). Immunophenotypic analyses have shown variable phenotypic antigen expression; but, on balance the data suggest a lymphoid cell expressing T- and/or B-cell-associated markers and certain activation antigens while lacking immunological features of monocytes-macrophages or other lineages. Molecular genetic studies have demonstrated heterogenous findings with respect to rearrangements of T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin genes. Only a small percentage of the cases has rearrangements; this might be due to the threshold of sensitivity of the method combined with the scarcity of the malignant cells. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes are clonally integrated in the H-RS cells of about half the cases. The significance of these findings--whether EBV is a causative agent or an epiphenomenon--remains to be elucidated. H-RS cells express mRNA and proteins of various cytokines and cytokine receptors implying a predominant role for cytokines in the pathophysiology of HD. The mononuclear and polynuclear H-RS cells are capable of DNA synthesis and nuclear division; the lack of cellular division leads to multinuclearity through the process of endomitosis. Mutations and expression of only a limited number of oncogenes have been tested thus far. Whether the bcl-2 oncogene is involved in HD remains a matter of debate. Aneuploidy and non-random chromosomal abnormalities are the results of cytogenetic analyses of H-RS cells. However, no chromosomal marker specific for HD has yet been found. Thus, while studies of EBV involvement, growth factor production, oncogene expression and chromosomal abnormalities contributed a fair amount of new data on the nature of H-RS cells, only immunophenotyping and genotyping provided some indication of the cellular derivation: an activated lymphoid cell that possibly expresses oncogenes, that probably is infected with EBV, that most likely produces cytokines, that certainly has multiple karyotypic abnormalities.
最近的精密研究提供了有关霍奇金和里德-斯腾伯格细胞（H-RS）生物学特性及细胞起源的新的、有启发性的，但也相互矛盾且有争议的信息。免疫表型分析显示出可变的表型抗原表达；但总体而言，数据表明该淋巴细胞表达T细胞和/或B细胞相关标志物以及某些激活抗原，同时缺乏单核细胞-巨噬细胞或其他谱系的免疫特征。分子遗传学研究在T细胞受体和免疫球蛋白基因重排方面显示出异质性结果。只有一小部分病例存在重排；这可能是由于方法的灵敏度阈值与恶性细胞的稀缺性共同导致的。爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）基因组在大约一半的病例中克隆整合到H-RS细胞中。这些发现的意义——EBV是病原体还是一种附带现象——仍有待阐明。H-RS细胞表达多种细胞因子和细胞因子受体的mRNA及蛋白质，这意味着细胞因子在HD病理生理学中起主要作用。单核和多核H-RS细胞能够进行DNA合成和核分裂；细胞分裂的缺乏通过核内复制过程导致多核性。到目前为止，仅测试了有限数量的癌基因的突变和表达。bcl-2癌基因是否与HD有关仍存在争议。非整倍体和非随机染色体异常是H-RS细胞细胞遗传学分析的结果。然而，尚未发现HD特异性的染色体标志物。因此，虽然对EBV参与、生长因子产生、癌基因表达和染色体异常的研究为H-RS细胞的性质提供了大量新数据，但只有免疫表型分析和基因分型提供了细胞来源的一些线索：一种可能表达癌基因、可能感染EBV、很可能产生细胞因子、肯定有多种核型异常的活化淋巴细胞。
