Ferreira-da-Cruz M de F, Machado-Passo R, Fortier B, Daniel-Ribeiro C
Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1992;87 Suppl 3:187-92. doi: 10.1590/s0074-02761992000700031.
The WHO criterion of defering any donation of blood by a confirmed case of malaria for three years after cessation of therapy can not be applied in areas where malaria is endemic. For this reason we developed an immunoenzymatic assay for the detection of plasmodial antigens for blood screening in malarial endemic areas. So, we tested sera from 191 individuals. Among patients with active disease 100% of the cases of Plasmodium falciparum or mixed infections and 91.7% of those with P. vivax were positive for the presence of plasmodial antigens. The lower parasitaemia detected was 0.0003% for P. falciparum and 0.001% for P. vivax malária. When the frequency of positive circulating malarial antigens was evaluated among asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals with negative TBS, positive results were found in respectively 38.7% and 17.7% of the individuals studied in the 30 days after confirmed malaria attack. Data provide by these assays have shown that ELISA seemed to be more sensitive than parasitological examination for malaria diagnosis. This test by virtue of its high sensitivity and the facilities in processing a large number of specimens, can prove to be useful in endemic areas for the recognition of asymptomatic malaria and screening of blood donors.
世界卫生组织关于确诊疟疾病例在停止治疗后三年内推迟献血的标准，在疟疾流行地区无法适用。因此，我们开发了一种免疫酶测定法，用于在疟疾流行地区检测疟原虫抗原以进行血液筛查。于是，我们检测了191名个体的血清。在患有活动性疾病的患者中，100%的恶性疟原虫病例或混合感染病例以及91.7%的间日疟原虫病例疟原虫抗原检测呈阳性。检测到的最低疟原虫血症水平，恶性疟原虫为0.0003%，间日疟原虫为0.001%。当在TBS检测为阴性的无症状和有症状个体中评估循环疟原虫抗原阳性的频率时，在确诊疟疾发作后30天内研究的个体中，分别有38.7%和17.7%的个体检测结果呈阳性。这些检测提供的数据表明，ELISA在疟疾诊断方面似乎比寄生虫学检查更敏感。由于该检测具有高灵敏度以及处理大量样本的便利性，在流行地区对于识别无症状疟疾和筛查献血者可能会很有用。
