Büttner-Ennever J A, Büttner U
Institute of Neuropathology, University of Munich, Germany.
Baillieres Clin Neurol. 1992 Aug;1(2):263-87.
Oculomotor-related structures in the brain stem extend from the rostral mesencephalon to the hypoglossal nucleus in the caudal medulla. This chapter reviews their location in man, their connections and some basic features of their function; these are summarized in Table 1. In addition to the extraocular motor nuclei (the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nuclei) the brain stem contains premotor areas responsible for all five different types of eye movements and for gaze-holding. These premotor structures include the riMLF and PPRF for the generation of vertical/torsional and horizontal saccades, respectively. The role of the vestibular nuclei in the VOR and optokinetic responses is well established, and they probably also mediate smooth pursuit eye movements along with the dorsolateral pontine nuclei and the floccular region. In contrast, there is only scanty evidence for the function of the accessory optic nuclei relaying optokinetic information in man. Little is known about the neuroanatomy of the premotor areas for convergence. There is accumulating evidence that the INC and the vestibular and perihypoglossal nuclei are essential for the maintenance of gaze.
脑干中与动眼相关的结构从延髓前部的中脑延伸至延髓后部的舌下神经核。本章回顾了它们在人体中的位置、连接以及功能的一些基本特征；这些总结在表1中。除了眼球外肌运动核（动眼神经核、滑车神经核和展神经核）外，脑干还包含负责所有五种不同类型眼球运动和凝视维持的运动前区。这些运动前结构包括中脑被盖背侧网状结构和脑桥旁正中网状结构，分别用于产生垂直/扭转和水平扫视。前庭核在前庭眼反射和视动反应中的作用已得到充分证实，它们可能还与脑桥背外侧核和绒球区域一起介导平稳跟踪眼球运动。相比之下，关于人类中传递视动信息的附属视核的功能仅有少量证据。关于集合运动前区的神经解剖学知之甚少。越来越多的证据表明，中介核以及前庭核和舌下神经周核对于凝视的维持至关重要。
