Başoğlu M, Marks I M, Sengün S
Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, London.
Br J Psychiatry. 1992 Jan;160:57-64. doi: 10.1192/bjp.160.1.57.
The features of panic and anxiety in the natural environment were studied by prospective self-monitoring in 39 patients with chronic agoraphobia and panic disorder. Panics overlapped greatly with anxiety episodes but were more intense. Panics occurred more often in public places than did anxiety episodes, but had otherwise similar symptom profile, time of occurrence, and antecedents. Most panics surged out of a pre-existing plateau of tonic anxiety which lasted most of the day. Spontaneous panics were less frequent than situational panics and occurred more often at home but were otherwise similar. These findings do not support the sharp distinction between panic and anxiety in DSM-III-R, not its emphasis on spontaneous panic in classifying anxiety disorders. Thoughts of dying and 'going crazy'/losing control accompanied only a minority of panic/anxiety episodes and seemed to be a product of intense panic rather than a cause.
通过对39例慢性广场恐怖症和惊恐障碍患者进行前瞻性自我监测，研究了自然环境中惊恐和焦虑的特征。惊恐发作与焦虑发作有很大重叠，但更为强烈。惊恐发作在公共场所比焦虑发作更频繁发生，但在症状表现、发作时间和前驱症状方面具有相似性。大多数惊恐发作是从持续一整天的持续性焦虑的先前平稳期突然爆发的。自发性惊恐发作比情境性惊恐发作频率更低，更多发生在家里，但在其他方面相似。这些发现不支持《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版修订本（DSM-III-R）中对惊恐和焦虑的严格区分，也不支持其在焦虑症分类中对自发性惊恐发作的强调。濒死和“发疯”/失去控制的想法仅伴随少数惊恐/焦虑发作，似乎是强烈惊恐发作的产物而非原因。
