Shall L, Thompson D A, Barkley A S, Millard L G
Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, U.K.
Clin Exp Allergy. 1992 Jul;22(7):711-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb00195.x.
Antihistaminic drugs are widely prescribed across a multitude of medical specialties such as Allergy and Dermatology. The potentially serious sedative effect of these valuable agents has previously restricted their full use and the choice of drug has been dictated more by individual patient acceptability than by any laboratory demonstrations of comparative efficacy. Unsurprisingly therefore, there is a trend towards prescribing those newer preparations which leave the central nervous system unclouded. We have studied the most frequently prescribed non-sedating antihistamine preparations, terfenadine (Triludan, Triludan Forte), cetirizine (Zirtek) and loratadine (Clarityn) in pharmacodynamic and relative efficacy trials using a quantifiable and reproducible extension of the classic Lewis model. The results indicate that two preparations, terfenadine 120 mg (Triludan Forte) and cetirizine 10 mg (Zirtek) are superior to their immediate rivals in degree of efficacy and/or speed of action. These results should assist clinicians in the positioning of effective, rapidly acting antihistamines for the symptomatic treatment of immediate hypersensitivity reactions such as urticaria and rhinitis.
抗组胺药物在众多医学专科中广泛应用，如过敏科和皮肤科。这些药物具有潜在的严重镇静作用，这在过去限制了它们的充分使用，药物的选择更多地取决于个体患者的接受程度，而非任何关于相对疗效的实验室证明。因此，毫不奇怪，现在有一种趋势是开那些不会影响中枢神经系统的新型制剂。我们使用经典Lewis模型的可量化且可重复的扩展方法，在药效学和相对疗效试验中研究了最常处方的非镇静性抗组胺制剂，特非那定（敏迪、敏迪长效片）、西替利嗪（仙特明）和氯雷他定（开瑞坦）。结果表明，两种制剂，120毫克特非那定（敏迪长效片）和10毫克西替利嗪（仙特明）在疗效程度和/或起效速度方面优于它们的直接竞争对手。这些结果应有助于临床医生为荨麻疹和鼻炎等速发型过敏反应的症状性治疗定位有效、起效迅速的抗组胺药物。
