Pond W G, Ellis K J, Schoknecht P
USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030.
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1992 Sep;200(4):555-61. doi: 10.3181/00379727-200-43470.
Twenty-six 3-week-old genetically obese pigs were fed in two experiments to determine the serum chemistry profile during severe protein malnutrition and repletion. Severe protein deficiency was produced in pigs fed the high-fat, low-protein diet (growth failure, rough hair, low serum total protein and albumin). In Experiment 1, blood was sampled from the anterior vena cava of each pig five times during depletion and three times during repletion to determine serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, glucose, Ca, inorganic P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, total bilirubin, urea N, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase. In Experiment 2, blood was sampled weekly for 8 weeks for serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, glucose, Ca, P, Mg and alkaline phosphatase. HDL-cholesterol was increased (P less than 0.01) and albumin was decreased (P less than 0.01) in protein-deficient pigs in both experiments. Creatinine, total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were elevated in protein-deficient pigs compared with controls after 7 weeks of depletion. Inorganic P (P less than 0.01), Ca (P less than 0.01), and Mg (P less than 0.05) concentrations were depressed in protein-depleted pigs compared with controls in both experiments. After 8 weeks of repletion in Experiment 1, all elements except inorganic P were similar in the two groups. Short-term, severe, protein malnutrition affected lipid, electrolyte, and structural mineral metabolism and indices of liver function in the absence of parasites, diarrhea, and infection. The effects were reversed after 8 weeks of repletion. We conclude that the elevated serum cholesterol in protein deficiency is related primarily to an increase in the HDL fraction.
在两项实验中，对26头3周龄的遗传性肥胖猪进行饲养，以确定严重蛋白质营养不良及补充营养期间的血清化学指标。给猪喂食高脂、低蛋白饮食会导致严重的蛋白质缺乏（生长发育不良、毛发粗糙、血清总蛋白和白蛋白水平低）。在实验1中，在营养耗竭期间对每头猪的前腔静脉进行5次采血，在营养补充期间进行3次采血，以测定血清总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇、甘油三酯、总蛋白、白蛋白、葡萄糖、钙、无机磷、镁、钠、钾、氯、总胆红素、尿素氮、肌酐、碱性磷酸酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和γ-谷氨酰转移酶。在实验2中，连续8周每周采血一次，检测血清总胆固醇、HDL胆固醇、甘油三酯、白蛋白、葡萄糖、钙、磷、镁和碱性磷酸酶。在两项实验中，蛋白质缺乏的猪HDL胆固醇升高（P<0.01），白蛋白降低（P<0.01）。营养耗竭7周后，与对照组相比，蛋白质缺乏的猪肌酐、总胆红素、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶升高。在两项实验中，与对照组相比，蛋白质缺乏的猪无机磷（P<0.01）、钙（P<0.01）和镁（P<0.05）浓度降低。在实验1中补充营养8周后，除无机磷外，两组所有指标均相似。在没有寄生虫、腹泻和感染的情况下，短期、严重的蛋白质营养不良会影响脂质、电解质和结构矿物质代谢以及肝功能指标。补充营养8周后，这些影响得到逆转。我们得出结论，蛋白质缺乏时血清胆固醇升高主要与HDL部分增加有关。
