Naber D, Holzbach R, Perro C, Hippius H
Psychiatric Hospital, University of Munich, Germany.
Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 1992 May(17):54-9.
Medical charts of 480 schizophrenic in-patients (581 treatments) were analysed to evaluate the efficacy and side-effects of clozapine. Clozapine treatment lasted for mean 49 (s.d. 38) days. Of the sample, 11.0% showed worsening or no change, 31.5% slight improvement, 53.0% marked improvement and 4.5% almost total reduction of symptoms. At least one major side-effect occurred in 68.0% of patients. A combination of clozapine with classical neuroleptics, antidepressants, benzodiazepines or lithium is tolerated by most patients, but increases the incidence of some side-effects. Clozapine treatment had to be discontinued because of severe side-effects in 8.6% of patients. In 81 schizophrenic out-patients, clozapine significantly reduced the days of in-patient treatment and number of hospital readmissions. Two patients developed leucopenia but had no complications after clozapine withdrawal. This study indicates a satisfactory benefit/risk ratio and compliance in most of the patients.
对480例精神分裂症住院患者（581次治疗）的病历进行分析，以评估氯氮平的疗效和副作用。氯氮平治疗平均持续49（标准差38）天。在样本中，11.0%病情恶化或无变化，31.5%稍有改善，53.0%显著改善，4.5%症状几乎完全缓解。68.0%的患者出现至少一种主要副作用。大多数患者能耐受氯氮平与经典抗精神病药、抗抑郁药、苯二氮䓬类药物或锂盐的联合使用，但会增加某些副作用的发生率。8.6%的患者因严重副作用而不得不停用氯氮平治疗。在81例精神分裂症门诊患者中，氯氮平显著减少了住院天数和再次入院次数。两名患者出现白细胞减少，但在停用氯氮平后未出现并发症。这项研究表明，大多数患者的效益/风险比和依从性令人满意。
