Department of Mood Disorders and Electroconvulsive Therapy, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium ; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS , USA.
Front Psychiatry. 2014 Dec 9;5:181. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00181. eCollection 2014.
Catatonia is a severe motor syndrome with an estimated prevalence among psychiatric inpatients of about 10%. At times, it is life-threatening especially in its malignant form when complicated by fever and autonomic disturbances. Catatonia can accompany many different psychiatric illnesses and somatic diseases. In order to recognize the catatonic syndrome, apart from thorough and repeated observation, a clinical examination is needed. A screening instrument, such as the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale, can guide the clinician through the neuropsychiatric examination. Although severe and life-threatening, catatonia has a good prognosis. Research on the treatment of catatonia is scarce, but there is overwhelming clinical evidence of the efficacy of benzodiazepines, such as lorazepam, and electroconvulsive therapy.
紧张症是一种严重的运动综合征，估计在精神科住院患者中的患病率约为 10%。有时，它具有生命威胁性，特别是在恶性形式下，并发发热和自主神经紊乱时。紧张症可伴随许多不同的精神疾病和躯体疾病。为了识别紧张症综合征，除了彻底和反复的观察外，还需要进行临床检查。筛查工具，如 Bush-Francis 紧张症评定量表，可以指导临床医生进行神经精神检查。尽管紧张症严重且有生命威胁，但预后良好。关于紧张症治疗的研究很少，但有大量的临床证据表明苯二氮䓬类药物（如劳拉西泮）和电惊厥疗法有效。
