Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1992 Sep;39(1):53-8.
The evaluation of benign conditions of the breast requires constant vigilance in relation to diagnosis, treatment, and, importantly, exclusion of carcinoma. Fortunately, the clinical presentation and epidemiologic considerations of the various benign lesions of the breast provide information permitting a fairly precise diagnosis. Fibrocystic changes, with its various subconditions, certainly is the most prominent benign condition, but other benign alterations occurring in the breast are also somewhat common. The management of fibroadenomas requires precise judgment and depends partly on the patient's age and the characteristics of the growth. Acute infections such as mastitis require prompt intervention and treatment. Recurring infections such as a subareolar abscess should be treated specifically in an aggressive and definitive manner. Infrequently occurring problems such as superficial thrombophlebitis, galactocele, and fat necrosis can be very uncomfortable, and occasionally, their diagnosis will be more difficult to establish. They, however, demand accurate diagnosis and definitive treatment. The axiom of excisional biopsy and histologic evaluation of any lesion that does not respond to treatment is the most important guideline in the treatment of benign breast disease.
乳腺良性疾病的评估在诊断、治疗以及（重要的是）排除癌症方面需要持续保持警惕。幸运的是，乳腺各种良性病变的临床表现和流行病学因素能提供信息，从而实现较为精确的诊断。纤维囊性变及其各种亚型无疑是最突出的良性疾病，但乳腺中出现的其他良性改变也较为常见。纤维腺瘤的处理需要精确判断，部分取决于患者年龄和生长特征。急性感染如乳腺炎需要及时干预和治疗。复发性感染如乳晕下脓肿应以积极、明确的方式进行针对性治疗。诸如浅表血栓性静脉炎、乳汁囊肿和脂肪坏死等不常见问题可能会让人非常不适，而且有时其诊断会更难确立。然而，它们需要准确诊断和明确治疗。对于任何对治疗无反应的病变进行切除活检和组织学评估这一原则，是乳腺良性疾病治疗中最重要的指导方针。
