Jones S H, Gray J A, Hemsley D R
Department of Psychology, University of London, England.
Biol Psychiatry. 1992 Nov 1;32(9):739-55. doi: 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90078-e.
Differences between research diagnostic criteria (RDC)-diagnosed acute and chronic schizophrenics and normal controls were studied using a Kamin blocking procedure. Blocking is an established animal learning procedure, thought by some researchers to reflect selective attention; decreased blocking indicates increased processing of irrelevant stimuli. It was predicted that this pattern would be obtained in acute schizophrenics, tested soon after admission, for two reasons: (1) evidence from previous clinical studies indicates that acute schizophrenics are more aware of nonsalient aspects of their environment than controls; and (2) blocking is disrupted in animals in a hyperdopaminergic state and restored by neuroleptic medication. This was the case: acute, but not chronic, schizophrenics showed disrupted blocking. This disruption was especially clear in those acute schizophrenics tested within 2 weeks of hospital admission. By the second test session (in a cross-over design), there was some evidence of normalization in performance in the acute schizophrenics. These findings are considered with regard to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia.
采用卡明阻断程序研究了研究诊断标准（RDC）诊断的急性和慢性精神分裂症患者与正常对照之间的差异。阻断是一种既定的动物学习程序，一些研究人员认为它反映了选择性注意力；阻断减少表明对无关刺激的处理增加。预计这种模式会在急性精神分裂症患者入院后不久进行测试时出现，原因有两个：（1）先前临床研究的证据表明，急性精神分裂症患者比对照组更能意识到其环境中不突出的方面；（2）在处于高多巴胺能状态的动物中阻断会受到干扰，而抗精神病药物可使其恢复。情况确实如此：急性精神分裂症患者而非慢性精神分裂症患者表现出阻断受干扰。这种干扰在入院2周内接受测试的急性精神分裂症患者中尤为明显。在第二次测试阶段（采用交叉设计），有一些证据表明急性精神分裂症患者的表现有所恢复正常。结合精神分裂症的多巴胺假说对这些发现进行了考量。
