Neidhardt E J, Krakow B, Kellner R, Pathak D
Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque 87131.
Sleep. 1992 Oct;15(5):470-3.
Twenty subjects with chronic nightmares for 17.2 years mean duration were randomly divided into two groups: Rehearsal and Recording. At inception, subjects in both groups were instructed to write down their nightmares for one month. The Recording group received no other intervention. Rehearsal subjects received a single treatment group session teaching an imagery rehearsal technique to reduce nightmare frequency. At inception and three months follow-up, both groups were compared for nightmare frequency and for self-rated distress with scales (Symptom Checklist and Symptom Questionnaire) measuring anxiety, depression, hostility, somatization and total distress. Nightmare frequency decreased significantly in both groups: Rehearsal group-7.2 per month to 2.0 per month (72% reduction) (p < 0.006); Recording group-9.4 per month to 5.0 per month (47% reduction) (p < 0.02). There were no statistically significant differences in the nightmare frequency reductions between groups. All anxiety, depression, somatization, hostility and total distress scores decreased substantially in the Rehearsal group. Most changes were significant. Changes in the Recording group were inconsistent and not significant. Two brief case histories are presented.
20名患有慢性噩梦（平均病程17.2年）的受试者被随机分为两组：演练组和记录组。开始时，两组受试者都被要求写下他们的噩梦，为期一个月。记录组未接受其他干预。演练组受试者接受了一次治疗组课程，教授一种意象演练技术以降低噩梦频率。在开始时和随访三个月时，通过测量焦虑、抑郁、敌意、躯体化和总体痛苦的量表（症状清单和症状问卷）对两组的噩梦频率和自评痛苦程度进行比较。两组的噩梦频率均显著下降：演练组从每月7.2次降至每月2.0次（降低72%）（p<0.006）；记录组从每月9.4次降至每月5.0次（降低47%）（p<0.02）。两组之间噩梦频率降低幅度无统计学显著差异。演练组所有焦虑、抑郁、躯体化、敌意和总体痛苦得分均大幅下降。大多数变化具有显著性。记录组的变化不一致且无显著性。呈现了两个简短的病例史。
