[Genetic differentiation of the inhabitants of Mongolia. Geographic distribution of mitochondrial DNA RFLPs and mitotypes in the inhabitants of Mongolia and a population assessment of the mutation rate in the mitochondrial genome].

The geographical distribution of the Asian specific deletion--insertion polymorphisms and or the RFLP's in the V noncoding region and the D-loop and of the mitotypes was analysed in Mongolia. The frequencies of the mtDNA markers demonstrated homogeneity of 18 local groups in Mongolia. The geographical distribution of the mitotypes showed the existence of two ancestral maternal lineages in mongols. There was no significant difference in the average FST values between mitochondrial gene flow and the nuclear gene flow of the Mongolian population. The equality of FST values permit to calculate the mutation rate for the human mtDNA--6.10(-9) per nucleotide per year. The data reveals the Mongolian population is in the equilibrium.