Lambert-Zechovsky N, Mariani-Kurkdjian P, Doit C, Bourgeois F, Bingen E
Hôpital Robert Debré, Service de Bactériologie, Paris, France.
J Hosp Infect. 1992 Nov;22 Suppl A:89-97. doi: 10.1016/s0195-6701(05)80011-8.
This study was designed to test the in-vitro activity of four oral antibiotics against the four microorganisms most frequently isolated in acute otitis media: beta-lactamase-positive Haemophilus influenzae (N = 10), beta-lactamase-positive Moraxella catarrhalis (N = 10), penicillin-sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae (N = 11) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (N = 10), by the bactericidal curve method. Bactericidal kinetics were determined for concentrations of antibiotic equivalent to those found in the middle ear after treatment: amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (2.5 mg l-1/0.6 mg l-1 and 2.5 mg l-1/1.2 mg l-1), cefaclor (1 mg l-1), erythromycin (0.5 mg l-1) and erythromycin/sulfisoxazole (0.2/3 mg l-1). The inoculum was of 10(6) colony-forming units (cfu) ml-1. The bacterial counts were performed after 5 h and 24 h using a spiral inoculator system. The results showed that amoxycillin-clavulanic acid had rapid bactericidal activity (< 24 h) on the tested organisms at each of the doses used (reduction < or = 3 log10 cfu ml-1) which was not observed with the other antibiotics at either 5 or 24 h. Erythromycin alone or combined with sulfisoxazole had a bacteriostatic effect on Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae but not on Haemophilus influenzae or Staphylococcus aureus. Cefaclor had no bactericidal action under these conditions.
本研究旨在通过杀菌曲线法，测试四种口服抗生素对急性中耳炎最常分离出的四种微生物的体外活性：β-内酰胺酶阳性流感嗜血杆菌（N = 10）、β-内酰胺酶阳性卡他莫拉菌（N = 10）、青霉素敏感肺炎链球菌（N = 11）和甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌（N = 10）。测定了与治疗后中耳中发现的抗生素浓度相当的杀菌动力学：阿莫西林-克拉维酸（2.5 mg l-1/0.6 mg l-1和2.5 mg l-1/1.2 mg l-1）、头孢克洛（1 mg l-1）、红霉素（0.5 mg l-1）和红霉素/磺胺异恶唑（0.2/3 mg l-1）。接种物浓度为10(6) 菌落形成单位（cfu）ml-1。使用螺旋接种系统在5小时和24小时后进行细菌计数。结果表明，阿莫西林-克拉维酸在所使用的每种剂量下对受试微生物均具有快速杀菌活性（< 24小时）（减少量<或= 3 log10 cfu ml-1），而在5小时或24小时时，其他抗生素均未观察到这种情况。单独使用红霉素或与磺胺异恶唑联合使用对卡他莫拉菌和肺炎链球菌有抑菌作用，但对流感嗜血杆菌或金黄色葡萄球菌无抑菌作用。在这些条件下，头孢克洛没有杀菌作用。
