Goosecoid与组织者。

Goosecoid and the organizer.

作者信息

De Roberts E M, Blum M, Niehrs C, Steinbeisser H

机构信息

Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1737.

出版信息

Dev Suppl. 1992:167-71.

PMID:1363720

Abstract

The molecular nature of Spemann's organizer phenomenon has long attracted the attention of embryologists. goosecoid is a homeobox gene with a DNA-binding specificity similar to that of Drosophila bicoid. Xenopus goosecoid is expressed on the dorsal side of the embryo before the dorsal lip is formed. Cells expressing goosecoid are fated to become pharyngeal endoderm, head mesoderm and notochord. Transplantation of goosecoid mRNA to the ventral side of Xenopus embryos by microinjection mimics the properties of Spemann's organizer, leading to the formation of twinned body axes, goosecoid is activated by dorsal inducers and not affected by ventral inducers. In the mouse, goosecoid is expressed in the anterior tip of the primitive streak. The availability of two early markers, goosecoid and Brachyury, opens the way for the comparative analysis of the vertebrate gastrula. The results suggest that the goosecoid homeodomain protein is an integral component of the biochemical pathway leading to Spemman's organizer phenomenon.

摘要

施佩曼组织者现象的分子本质长期以来一直吸引着胚胎学家的关注。鹅膏蕈氨酸同源基因是一种同源异型盒基因，其DNA结合特异性与果蝇的双胸节基因相似。非洲爪蟾的鹅膏蕈氨酸同源基因在背唇形成之前在胚胎的背侧表达。表达鹅膏蕈氨酸同源基因的细胞注定会发育成咽内胚层、头部中胚层和脊索。通过显微注射将鹅膏蕈氨酸同源基因的mRNA移植到非洲爪蟾胚胎的腹侧，可模拟施佩曼组织者的特性，导致孪生体轴的形成，鹅膏蕈氨酸同源基因由背侧诱导物激活，不受腹侧诱导物影响。在小鼠中，鹅膏蕈氨酸同源基因在原条的前端表达。鹅膏蕈氨酸同源基因和短尾基因这两种早期标记物的可用性，为脊椎动物原肠胚的比较分析开辟了道路。结果表明，鹅膏蕈氨酸同源结构域蛋白是导致施佩曼组织者现象的生化途径的一个组成部分。