HUMPHREY J H, MOTA I
Immunology. 1959 Jan;2(1):19-30.
Using the criteria of generalized anaphylaxis, the Schultz-Dale test, and mast cell degranulation occurring on contact with antigen , a study has been made of the ability of antisera, prepared in various species, to sensitize guinea pig tissues passively. Whereas small amounts of guinea pig and rabbit antibodies and rather larger amounts of monkey, dog and human antibodies were effective, antibodies from goat, horse, rat, fowl and a human auto-immune thyroid antiserum were ineffective. These results are in general agreement with those in the literature. Using antibodies labelled with I, no gross differences were found between those which sensitized and those which did not, either in respect of uptake on guinea pig mesentery , or retention in the tissue after uptake . By means of antigen labelled with I it was also shown that the antibody adsorbed on guinea pig mesentery could combine equally well with antigen, whether the antibody came from rabbit (sensitizing) or rat (non-sensitizing). These experiments also indicated that the amount of adsorbed antibody necessary for sensitization is very small. Reversed passive anaphylaxis was studied with a variety of different antigen-antibody systems, using the criteria listed above. It occurred when, but only when, the antigen was a γ-globulin, and when both antigen and antibody globulins came from species whose antibodies were able to sensitize guinea pigs for direct passive anaphylaxis. It is concluded that the explanation of the differences between antibodies or antigens which sensitize guinea pigs passively, and those which do not, is to be found in the nature of the antigen-antibody combination as well as in the manner of `fixation' on the tissues. The possible importance of ability to activate guinea pig complement is discussed.
运用全身性过敏反应的标准、舒尔茨-戴尔试验以及接触抗原时肥大细胞脱颗粒的标准，对在不同物种中制备的抗血清被动致敏豚鼠组织的能力进行了研究。少量豚鼠和兔抗体以及较多量的猴、狗和人抗体是有效的，而来自山羊、马、大鼠、禽类的抗体以及一种人自身免疫性甲状腺抗血清则无效。这些结果与文献中的结果总体一致。使用用碘标记的抗体，无论是在豚鼠肠系膜上的摄取方面，还是摄取后在组织中的保留方面，致敏抗体和未致敏抗体之间均未发现明显差异。通过用碘标记的抗原还表明，吸附在豚鼠肠系膜上的抗体，无论该抗体来自兔（致敏）还是大鼠（未致敏），都能与抗原同样良好地结合。这些实验还表明，致敏所需的吸附抗体量非常少。使用上述标准，对多种不同的抗原-抗体系统进行了反向被动过敏反应的研究。仅当抗原为γ球蛋白，且抗原和抗体球蛋白均来自其抗体能够使豚鼠对直接被动过敏反应致敏的物种时，才会发生反向被动过敏反应。得出的结论是，致敏和未致敏豚鼠的抗体或抗原之间差异的解释，既要从抗原-抗体结合的性质中寻找，也要从在组织上的“固定”方式中寻找。文中讨论了激活豚鼠补体能力的可能重要性。
