Gagnon S, Doré F Y
Ecole de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
J Comp Psychol. 1992 Mar;106(1):58-68. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.106.1.58.
Human analog tests of object permanence were administered to various breeds of adult dogs (Canis familiaris). Experiment 1 showed that the performance of terriers, sporting, and working dogs did not differ. Dogs succeeded in solving invisible displacement problems, but performance was lower than in visible displacement tests. Familiarity with the task had some influence because invisible displacement tests were more successful if they were preceded by visible displacement tests. In Experiment 2, odor cues from the target object and the hiding screens were available or were masked. Results confirmed that success was lower in invisible than in visible displacement tests and that these problems were solved on the basis of representation of visual information rather than on the basis of olfactory cues or of local rule learning. Dogs are compared with other species that display Stage 6 object permanence.
对各种成年犬（家犬）进行了物体恒存的人类模拟测试。实验1表明，梗犬、运动犬和工作犬的表现没有差异。狗成功解决了不可见位移问题，但表现低于可见位移测试。对任务的熟悉程度有一定影响，因为如果在不可见位移测试之前进行可见位移测试，不可见位移测试会更成功。在实验2中，目标物体和隐藏屏幕的气味线索是可用的或被掩盖的。结果证实，不可见位移测试的成功率低于可见位移测试，并且这些问题是基于视觉信息的表征而非嗅觉线索或局部规则学习来解决的。将狗与其他表现出第六阶段物体恒存的物种进行了比较。
