Doré F Y
Ecole de psychologie, Pavillon F.A. Savard, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
Can J Psychol. 1990 Sep;44(3):359-70. doi: 10.1037/h0084262.
An invisible displacement test was administered to cats in order to test the hypothesis that search behaviour in this species is influenced by their limited capacity for object permanence as well as by their previous experience with the environment. Experiment 1 compared three groups of cats in a five-choice hiding task in which the hiding places could be discriminated by their spatial positions. Two groups received a visible displacement training before the invisible displacement test and one group did not. Experiment 2 compared two groups of trained subjects in the same task, but the hiding places could be discriminated by spatial and visual cues. The results confirmed that cats are unable to solve problems with invisible displacements. The visible displacement training improved their performance, but was not sufficient to make them succeed. Experience with the hiding potential of the covers also gives more persistence to search behaviour. Finally, the distribution of search attempts is not determined by the proximity to the target and is influenced only partially by the subjects' previous experience. Like Stage 5 infants, cats rely mainly on their immediate perception. They search for an object in the last location they have seen it disappear or under the nearest cover from this location.
为了验证这一假设，即该物种的搜寻行为受其有限的客体永久性能力以及先前环境经验的影响，对猫进行了一项不可见位移测试。实验1在一项五选一隐藏任务中比较了三组猫，在该任务中，隐藏位置可通过其空间位置来区分。两组在不可见位移测试前接受了可见位移训练，一组未接受。实验2在相同任务中比较了两组经过训练的受试者，但隐藏位置可通过空间和视觉线索来区分。结果证实，猫无法解决不可见位移问题。可见位移训练提高了它们的表现，但不足以使它们成功。对遮盖物隐藏潜力的经验也使搜寻行为更具持久性。最后，搜寻尝试的分布不是由与目标的接近程度决定的，并且仅部分受受试者先前经验的影响。与5阶段婴儿一样，猫主要依赖于它们的即时感知。它们在物体最后消失的位置或该位置最近的遮盖物下寻找物体。
