AFZELIUS B
J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1959 Mar 25;5(2):269-78. doi: 10.1083/jcb.5.2.269.
The details of a new fixation procedure using 40 per cent osmium tetroxide in carbon tetrachloride are presented. This fixative is a good general preservative, gives a higher contrast than the ordinary osmium fixatives, and may also preserve structures that are not otherwise readily revealed. Some possible reasons for the increased contrast are discussed. Micrographs of the sea urchin spermatozoa treated with the new fixative provide more detailed information on the tail structure than has heretofore been obtainable. This information is summarized in the diagrammatic text-figure. The sperm tail can no longer be regarded as having a bilateral symmetry, and thus, it is possible to assign an index number to each of the nine peripheral filaments. The nine peripheral filaments have a complex morphology, each one of them seems to be composed of two subunits that have unequal diameters. The slightly larger subunits are all found in the clockwise direction with regard to the other subunit or are all found in the counter-clockwise direction in the sectioned tail. Each of the slightly larger subunits is at intervals provided with two types of projections-referred to as the arms and the spokes-that extend in respective tangential and radial direction. The arms from one filament may be in actual contact with its neighboring filament through a complex bridge-like formation. There is a quantitative difference between the nine filaments with regard to this bridge. It is assumed that the eleven tail filaments follow straight paths. Some hypotheses on sperm movement are discussed based on this assumption and on the fact that the oscillations of an actively working sperm tail are in one plane. Probably, the nine peripheral filaments have non-equivalent functions in tail movement. In the centriole the nine peripheral filaments characteristically appear as triplets in a whorl-like arrangement. It is suggested that the inner part of this triplet is a derivation of the arms. A structural abnormality of the tail is described that is characterized by two or three complete sets of tail filaments within one cell membrane.
本文介绍了一种使用四氯化碳中40%四氧化锇的新型固定程序的细节。这种固定剂是一种良好的通用防腐剂，比普通锇固定剂具有更高的对比度，并且还可以保存其他情况下不易显示的结构。讨论了对比度增加的一些可能原因。用这种新型固定剂处理的海胆精子的显微照片提供了比以往更多关于尾部结构的详细信息。这些信息总结在示意性的文字图中。精子尾部不再被认为具有双侧对称性，因此，可以为九根外周细丝中的每一根指定一个索引号。九根外周细丝具有复杂的形态，每一根似乎都由两个直径不等的亚基组成。在切片尾部中，稍大的亚基相对于另一个亚基都在顺时针方向上发现，或者都在逆时针方向上发现。每个稍大的亚基每隔一定间隔都有两种类型的突起——称为臂和辐条——分别沿切向和径向延伸。一根细丝的臂可能通过一种复杂的桥状结构与相邻细丝实际接触。关于这种桥，九根细丝之间存在数量差异。假定十一条尾部细丝遵循直线路径。基于这一假设以及活跃工作的精子尾部的摆动在一个平面内这一事实，讨论了一些关于精子运动的假设。可能，九根外周细丝在尾部运动中具有不等同的功能。在中心粒中，九根外周细丝典型地呈现为呈螺旋状排列的三联体。有人提出，这个三联体的内部部分是臂的衍生物。描述了一种尾部结构异常，其特征是在一个细胞膜内有两到三套完整的尾部细丝。
