Holloway F A, Michaelis R C, Harland R D, Criado J R, Gauvin D V
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City 73190.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1992;109(1-2):112-20. doi: 10.1007/BF02245488.
Acquisition and retention of tolerance to ethanol's rate-decreasing effects on operant performance were examined in rats which received a 52-day regimen of ethanol or saline injections prior to and/or after each daily session. Eight groups of rats differed on: (a) number of days with intoxicated practice (pre-session ethanol); (b) intermittent (spaced) or daily (massed) intoxicated practice; and (c) post-session ethanol or saline on non-intoxicated practice days. Massed practice groups were given their presession saline days prior to their pre-session ethanol days. Ethanol dose-effect tests were given prior to, during, and after the chronic injection regimen. Under both spaced and massed practice conditions, the magnitude of tolerance developed increased directly with the number of pre-session ethanol days, even when absolute ethanol exposure was constant. No group showed complete tolerance loss. The post-session ethanol supplements (a) facilitated tolerance development in spaced practice groups and tolerance loss in massed practice groups, (b) blocked ethanol's low dose rate-increasing effects, and (c) produced an acute withdrawal-like performance disruption the next day. The results suggest that both intoxicated practice and practice during acute ethanol withdrawal influence the acquisition and retention of compensatory behaviors during ethanol tolerance development.
在每天的实验时段之前和/或之后接受52天乙醇或生理盐水注射方案的大鼠中，研究了对乙醇对操作性行为速率降低作用的耐受性的获得和保持情况。八组大鼠在以下方面存在差异：(a) 醉酒练习天数（实验时段前乙醇注射）；(b) 间歇性（间隔）或每日（集中）醉酒练习；以及 (c) 在未醉酒练习日实验时段后注射乙醇或生理盐水。集中练习组在实验时段前乙醇注射日之前先进行实验时段前生理盐水注射日。在慢性注射方案之前、期间和之后进行乙醇剂量效应测试。在间隔和集中练习条件下，即使绝对乙醇暴露量恒定，耐受性发展的程度也直接随着实验时段前乙醇注射天数的增加而增加。没有一组表现出完全的耐受性丧失。实验时段后乙醇补充剂 (a) 促进了间隔练习组的耐受性发展和集中练习组的耐受性丧失，(b) 阻断了乙醇的低剂量速率增加效应，并且 (c) 第二天产生了类似急性戒断的行为破坏。结果表明，醉酒练习和急性乙醇戒断期间的练习都会影响乙醇耐受性发展过程中补偿行为的获得和保持。
