Effects of methylphenidate on response rate and measures of motor performance and reinforcement efficacy.

This experiment evaluated the effects of methylphenidate on reinforced responding in rats. In each session the subjects (rats) earned reinforcement on seven different variable-interval reinforcement schedules. The average intervals varied from 108 to 3 s and provided reinforcement rates ranging from about 30 to 1100/h. Response rate was a negatively accelerated function of reinforcement rate. Low doses of methylphenidate (1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg) increased responding maintained by the four leanest schedules, but had little effect on responding maintained by the three densest schedules. In contrast, an 8.0 mg/kg dose increased responding maintained by the three densest schedules and slightly decreased responding maintained by leaner schedules. A quantitative model of reinforced responding, referred to as the matching law or response strength equation, was fitted to the data. This equation has two parameters. On the basis of previous experiments, one was used to measure changes in reinforcement efficacy and the other was used to measure changes in motor performance. The 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg doses changed the reinforcement parameter in the same way as did increases in deprivation and reward magnitude. The 8.0 mg/kg dose changed the motor parameter in the same was as did decreases in lever weight. It was concluded that methylphenidate increases reinforcement efficacy, and that the highest dose changed the topography of responding. The results are discussed in terms of the response strength equation, the rate dependency principle, and the question of how to interpret changes in reinforcement efficacy and motor performance.