Pollard Trip
Southern Environmental Law Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Am J Health Promot. 2003 Sep-Oct;18(1):109-13. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-18.1.109.
Evidence of the health impacts of the built environment has increased rapidly. Studies have linked physical inactivity and motor-vehicle pollution to a range of health problems and have shown that activity levels and air quality are influenced by community design, land use, and transportation patterns. There is comparatively little awareness, however, of the role that laws and policies play in spurring sprawl and driving and of the opportunities to reorient current provisions to promote public health. This article summarizes the findings connecting the built environment to a variety of health problems. It then describes how current policies present barriers to physical activity and increase pollution by encouraging sprawl development and by offering few transportation choices. Finally, the article suggests ways to overcome these barriers by examining policies that can promote public health by making it easier to incorporate greater physical activity into our everyday lives and to reduce driving. Multidisciplinary partnerships are needed to pursue these policy prescriptions for healthier communities.
建筑环境对健康影响的证据迅速增加。研究已将身体活动不足和机动车污染与一系列健康问题联系起来，并表明活动水平和空气质量受社区设计、土地利用和交通模式的影响。然而，对于法律和政策在助长城市扩张和驾车方面所起的作用以及重新调整现有规定以促进公众健康的机会，人们的认识相对较少。本文总结了将建筑环境与各种健康问题联系起来的研究结果。然后描述了当前政策如何通过鼓励城市扩张发展和提供极少的交通选择来对身体活动造成障碍并增加污染。最后，本文提出了一些克服这些障碍的方法，即审视那些能够通过使人们更易于将更多身体活动融入日常生活并减少驾车来促进公众健康的政策。需要多学科合作关系来推行这些建设更健康社区的政策建议。
