Green Paul, Flaro Lloyd
Neurobehavioural Associates, Edmonton, Alta., Canada.
Child Neuropsychol. 2003 Sep;9(3):189-207. doi: 10.1076/chin.9.3.189.16460.
One-hundred and thirty-five children between the ages of 7 and 18 years were evaluated clinically. Their diagnoses included Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) or Effects, Schizophrenia, Bipolar Mood Disorder, various neurological diseases, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Conduct Disorder, Oppositional-Defiant Disorder and learning disabilities. As part of a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, the children were given the Word Memory Test (WMT; Green, Allen, & Astner, 1996; Green & Astner, 1995), containing various subtests which measure, respectively, effort and verbal memory. Although age and verbal intelligence are known to affect scores on most ability tests, they were not found to be significant determinants of WMT effort scores. Younger children did not score any lower on the effort subtests than older children. The children scored as well as a group of parents seeking custody of their children and they scored higher than adult patients with mild head injuries. The computerized WMT requires some basic reading skills and some children with lower than a grade 3 reading level scored at a relatively low level on the effort subtests. The current data suggest that most children with at least a grade 3 reading level can pass the WMT using the adult criteria. It is concluded that the WMT is potentially useful in the evaluation of effort during pediatric neuropsychological evaluations. Further research is needed to replicate these findings and to develop child norms for the memory subtests.
对135名年龄在7至18岁之间的儿童进行了临床评估。他们的诊断包括胎儿酒精综合征(FAS)或胎儿酒精影响、精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、各种神经疾病、注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)、品行障碍、对立违抗障碍和学习障碍。作为全面神经心理学评估的一部分,这些儿童接受了单词记忆测试(WMT;Green、Allen和Astner,1996年;Green和Astner,1995年),该测试包含多个子测试,分别测量努力程度和言语记忆。虽然已知年龄和言语智力会影响大多数能力测试的分数,但未发现它们是WMT努力程度分数的重要决定因素。年幼儿童在努力程度子测试中的得分并不比年长儿童低。这些儿童的得分与一群争取子女监护权的父母相当,且他们的得分高于轻度头部受伤的成年患者。计算机化的WMT需要一些基本阅读技能,一些阅读水平低于三年级的儿童在努力程度子测试中的得分相对较低。目前的数据表明,大多数阅读水平至少为三年级的儿童可以按照成人标准通过WMT。得出的结论是,WMT在儿科神经心理学评估中对努力程度的评估可能有用。需要进一步研究来重复这些发现,并为记忆子测试制定儿童常模。