Montesano R, Tomatis L
Cancer Res. 1977 Jan;37(1):310-6.
A survey was carried out on legislation in 14 industrialized countries relating to the prevention of occupational cancers. Two types of legislation were considered in particular: that dealing specifically with chemical carcinogens in the working environment, and that relating to compensation for occupational cancers. The survey revealed that legislation prohibiting the manufacture of chemicals known to be carcinogenic in humans or known to represent a possible cancer hazard to humans exists only in a limited number of the 14 countries considered and does not cover the same chemicals in each country. Legislation concerning monetary compensation is more common in these countreis than is legislation providing for primary prevention. There are two fundamental deficiencies in even the more comprehensive legislation. First, some chemicals for which carcinogenicity in humans has been proved are still produced in large quantities and are not covered by legislation. Second, the criteria used to determine which chemicals may be hazardous to humans when only experimental evidence of carcinogenicity exists are overexclusive, while the allowed concentrations of some of the chemicals recognized as possibly hazardous to humans appear to be very high.
对14个工业化国家中有关预防职业性癌症的立法情况进行了一项调查。特别考虑了两类立法：一类专门针对工作环境中的化学致癌物，另一类涉及职业性癌症的赔偿。调查显示，在所考虑的14个国家中，只有少数国家存在禁止生产已知对人类有致癌性或已知对人类可能有致癌危害的化学品的立法，而且每个国家所涵盖的化学品并不相同。在这些国家，有关金钱赔偿的立法比提供一级预防的立法更为普遍。即使是较为全面的立法也存在两个根本缺陷。第一，一些已被证明对人类有致癌性的化学品仍在大量生产，且未被立法涵盖。第二，在仅存在致癌性实验证据时，用于确定哪些化学品可能对人类有害的标准过于排他，而一些被认为可能对人类有害的化学品的允许浓度似乎非常高。
