Herpes simplex viral infection of the mouse trigeminal ganglion. Immunohistochemical analysis of cell populations.

Several distinct populations of sensory neurons in the ophthalmic region of the mouse trigeminal ganglion have been identified by their reactivity to antibodies raised against substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), cell-surface glycoconjugates SSEA3 and LD2, and the plant lectin, Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin 1, isolectin 4 (BSIL4). Thirty-six percent of the neurons in the ophthalmic portion of the mouse trigeminal ganglion express CGRP and 17%, SP. All neurons that express SP also express CGRP. Forty percent of the neurons in the ophthalmic region of the ganglion are recognized by monoclonal antisera to SSEA3, and 66% of this population also express the neuropeptides SP or CGRP. The neuronal population recognized by BSIL4 is identical to the population with the LD2 epitope. This population of cells (BSIL4/LD2) does not express the SSEA3 glycoconjugate and is largely nonpeptidergic. All four populations of sensory neurons (SP, CGRP, SSEA3, and LD2/BSIL4) can be infected by herpes simplex virus (HSV). However, the relative proportion of SSEA3- and LD2/BSIL4-labeled cells that were infected productively with HSV was much less than expected based on the relative size of the populations of these neurons in the ophthalmic region of the ganglion.