Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
Viruses. 2024 May 8;16(5):747. doi: 10.3390/v16050747.
Our current understanding of HSV latency is based on a variety of clinical observations, and in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro model systems, each with unique advantages and drawbacks. The criteria for authentically modeling HSV latency include the ability to easily manipulate host genetics and biological pathways, as well as mimicking the immune response and viral pathogenesis in human infections. Although realistically modeling HSV latency is necessary when choosing a model, the cost, time requirement, ethical constraints, and reagent availability are also equally important. Presently, there remains a pressing need for in vivo models that more closely recapitulate human HSV infection. While the current in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro models used to study HSV latency have limitations, they provide further insights that add to our understanding of latency. In vivo models have shed light on natural infection routes and the interplay between the host immune response and the virus during latency, while in vitro models have been invaluable in elucidating molecular pathways involved in latency. Below, we review the relative advantages and disadvantages of current HSV models and highlight insights gained through each.
我们目前对 HSV 潜伏期的理解是基于各种临床观察，以及体内、体外和体外模型系统，每个系统都有独特的优点和缺点。真实模拟 HSV 潜伏期的标准包括能够轻松操纵宿主遗传和生物途径，以及模拟人类感染中的免疫反应和病毒发病机制。尽管在选择模型时真实地模拟 HSV 潜伏期是必要的，但成本、时间要求、伦理限制和试剂可用性同样重要。目前，迫切需要更能真实再现人类 HSV 感染的体内模型。虽然目前用于研究 HSV 潜伏期的体内、体外和体外模型存在局限性，但它们提供了进一步的见解，有助于我们了解潜伏期。体内模型揭示了自然感染途径以及宿主免疫反应和病毒在潜伏期之间的相互作用，而体外模型在阐明潜伏期涉及的分子途径方面非常有价值。下面，我们将回顾当前 HSV 模型的相对优缺点，并强调通过每种模型获得的见解。
