Gandevia S C, McCloskey D I, Burke D
Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Trends Neurosci. 1992 Feb;15(2):62-5. doi: 10.1016/0166-2236(92)90028-7.
Signals generated both peripherally and centrally contribute to the group of sensations termed kinaesthesia. Many experiments report sensations of position and movement under passive relaxed conditions without muscle contraction. However, kinaesthetic acuity is probably of greater functional value when subjects are active rather than passive and, accordingly, movement detection is markedly improved by muscular contraction. One mechanism contributing to this enhancement is likely to involve muscle spindle volleys. When identical microstimulation techniques are applied to skin, joint and muscle spindle endings innervating the hand, some cutaneous afferents and some joint afferents elicit a sensation, but activation of certain other cutaneous afferents and muscle spindle afferents rarely does. Activity in more than one muscle spindle afferent may be required for kinaesthetic sensations, whereas some single cutaneous and joint afferents may have a more 'secure' central projection.
外周和中枢产生的信号都对被称为动觉的一组感觉有贡献。许多实验报告了在被动放松条件下无肌肉收缩时的位置和运动感觉。然而，当受试者处于主动而非被动状态时，动觉敏锐度可能具有更大的功能价值，因此，肌肉收缩可显著改善运动检测。导致这种增强的一种机制可能涉及肌梭放电。当将相同的微刺激技术应用于支配手部的皮肤、关节和肌梭末梢时，一些皮肤传入神经和一些关节传入神经会引起感觉，但激活某些其他皮肤传入神经和肌梭传入神经很少会引起感觉。动觉感觉可能需要不止一个肌梭传入神经的活动，而一些单一的皮肤和关节传入神经可能有更“可靠”的中枢投射。
