Schmidt J D
University of California, San Diego Medical Center 92103-8897.
Cancer. 1992 Jul 1;70(1 Suppl):221-4. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19920701)70:1+<221::aid-cncr2820701308>3.0.co;2-9.
The clinical diagnosis of localized prostate carcinoma in the asymptomatic male has been based on a careful digital rectal examination (DRE).
The DRE, prostate specific antigen (PSA), transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), prostate needle biopsy (PNB), and other modalities are examined for their role in prostate cancer diagnosis.
Up to 20% of localized prostatic cancer is still diagnosed "retrospectively" on transurethral resection (TURP) for clinically benign disease and prostatism. The role of fine-needle aspiration (FNA), flow cytometric study (FCM), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer is limited.
Those men older than 50 years of age who have lower tract symptoms, either obstructive or irritative, or who have abnormal serum levels of PSA, regardless of DRE findings, are advised to undergo TRUS with ultrasound-guided PNB.
无症状男性局部前列腺癌的临床诊断一直基于仔细的直肠指检（DRE）。
对直肠指检、前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）、经直肠超声检查（TRUS）、前列腺穿刺活检（PNB）及其他方法在前列腺癌诊断中的作用进行了研究。
高达20%的局部前列腺癌仍在因临床诊断为良性疾病和前列腺增生而行经尿道前列腺切除术（TURP）时被“回顾性”诊断出来。细针穿刺抽吸活检（FNA）、流式细胞术研究（FCM）和磁共振成像（MRI）在前列腺癌诊断中的作用有限。
建议年龄超过50岁、有下尿路梗阻性或刺激性症状或血清PSA水平异常的男性，无论直肠指检结果如何，均应接受超声引导下经直肠超声穿刺活检。
