Whitley R J
Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham.
J Infect Dis. 1992 Aug;166 Suppl 1:S51-7. doi: 10.1093/infdis/166.supplement_1.s51.
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections, the cause of chickenpox and shingles, are usually benign but are associated with morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Significant advances have been achieved in the treatment of VZV infections. In immunocompromised patients, both vidarabine and acyclovir have proved useful for the therapy of chickenpox and herpes zoster. Acyclovir, administered intravenously, is the treatment of choice for these infections. Both chickenpox and herpes zoster in the normal host are amenable to therapy with orally administered acyclovir. For older individuals with herpes zoster, acceleration of cutaneous healing can be accomplished at dosages of 800 mg five times a day for 10 days. Acyclovir therapy of chickenpox is recommended for adolescents and young adults with infection. In the future, improved therapies for VZV infections may include such newer antiviral drugs as bromovinyl arabinosyl uracil and acyclovir prodrugs.
水痘带状疱疹病毒（VZV）感染是水痘和带状疱疹的病因，通常为良性，但会引发发病和死亡，在免疫功能低下的宿主中尤其如此。VZV感染的治疗已取得重大进展。在免疫功能低下的患者中，阿糖腺苷和阿昔洛韦已被证明对水痘和带状疱疹的治疗有效。静脉注射阿昔洛韦是这些感染的首选治疗方法。正常宿主中的水痘和带状疱疹都适合用口服阿昔洛韦进行治疗。对于患有带状疱疹的老年人，每天五次、每次800毫克、持续10天的剂量可加速皮肤愈合。对于感染的青少年和年轻人，建议采用阿昔洛韦治疗水痘。未来，VZV感染的改进疗法可能包括溴乙烯阿拉伯糖基尿嘧啶和阿昔洛韦前体药物等更新的抗病毒药物。
