Use of stage II-III Xenopus oocytes to study voltage-dependent ion channels.

Stage II-III Xenopus oocytes represent a useful extension of the standard Xenopus oocyte expression system. The oocytes are smaller; the reduction in membrane area, and therefore capacitance, leads to a faster settling time during a voltage clamp step. In addition, there appears to be less Ca(2+)-activated chloride current; this may render the stage II-III oocyte a useful system for studying K+ channels, where chloride currents can be a significant problem. Conversely, though, these early stage oocytes may not be useful for expression of neurotransmitter receptors coupled to phospholipase C, for such receptors are often monitored by activation of the Cl-current. The injections of RNA are technically more difficult in stage II-III oocytes. This can, however, be overcome with some simple modifications of the injection apparatus, mainly inclusion of a pump or similar device for actual injections.