Thylefors B
Programme for the Prevention of Blindness, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1992 May;20(2):95-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.1992.tb00718.x.
Ocular trauma is the cause of blindness in approximately half a million people worldwide, and many more have suffered partial loss of sight. Trauma is often the most important cause of unilateral loss of vision, particularly in developing countries. There is a cumulative risk of ocular trauma and visual loss during life, but the true incidence of accidents involving the eyes is not known. Males tend to have more eye trauma than females, and this is already apparent from childhood; lower socioeconomic classes are also more associated with ocular trauma. The setting for the occurrence of trauma is most commonly the workplace and, increasingly, road accidents. On the other hand, domestic accidents are probably under-reported. Of particular importance in some developing countries is the occurrence of superficial corneal trauma in agricultural work, often leading to rapidly progressing corneal ulceration and visual loss. The impact of ocular trauma, in terms of need for medical care, loss of income and cost of rehabilitation services when indicated, clearly makes the strengthening of preventive measures very worthwhile.
眼外伤是全球约50万人失明的原因，更多的人视力部分受损。外伤往往是单眼失明的最重要原因，尤其是在发展中国家。一生中存在眼外伤和视力丧失的累积风险，但涉及眼睛的事故的真实发生率尚不清楚。男性比女性更容易发生眼外伤，这在儿童时期就已很明显；社会经济地位较低的人群也与眼外伤的关联更大。外伤发生的场所最常见的是工作场所，而且越来越多地发生在道路交通事故中。另一方面，家庭事故可能报告不足。在一些发展中国家，农业工作中发生的浅表角膜外伤尤为重要，常常导致角膜溃疡迅速进展和视力丧失。眼外伤在医疗需求、收入损失以及必要时康复服务成本方面的影响，显然使得加强预防措施非常值得。
