Négrel A D, Thylefors B
Programme for the Prevention of Blindness and Deafness, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 1998 Sep;5(3):143-69. doi: 10.1076/opep.5.3.143.8364.
Using data compiled from the ophthalmic literature and WHO's Blindness Data Bank, the available information on eye injuries from an epidemiological and public health perspective has been extensively reviewed. This collection of data has allowed an analysis of risk factors, incidence, prevalence, and impact of eye injuries in terms of visual outcome. However, most of the estimates are based on information from More Developed Countries (MDCs). The severity of eye injuries can be assessed through proxy indicators such as: (i) potentially blinding bilateral injuries; (ii) open-globe injuries; (iii) endophthalmitis; (iv) enucleation or (v) defined visual impairment. Major risk factors for ocular injuries include age, gender, socioeconomic status and lifestyle. The site where the injury occurs is also related to a risk situation. Available information indicates a very significant impact of eye injuries in terms of medical care, needs for vocational rehabilitation and great socioeconomic costs. The global pattern of eye injuries and their consequences emerging from the present review, undertaken for planning purposes in the WHO Programme for the Prevention of Blindness, suggests that: some 55 million eye injuries restricting activities more than one day occur each year; 750,000 cases will require hospitalization each year, including some 200,000 open-globe injuries; there are approximately 1.6 million blind from injuries, an additional 2.3 million people with bilateral low vision from this cause, and almost 19 million with unilateral blindness or low vision. Further epidemiological studies are needed to permit more accurate planning of prevention and management measures; a standardized international template for reporting on eye injuries might be useful to this effect, along the lines of the reporting occurring through the US Eye Injury Registry.
利用从眼科文献和世界卫生组织失明数据库汇编的数据，从流行病学和公共卫生角度对眼外伤的现有信息进行了广泛审查。这些数据收集使得能够从视觉结果方面分析眼外伤的风险因素、发病率、患病率和影响。然而，大多数估计是基于较发达国家（MDCs）的信息。眼外伤的严重程度可通过以下替代指标进行评估：（i）可能致盲的双侧损伤；（ii）开放性眼球损伤；（iii）眼内炎；（iv）眼球摘除或（v）明确的视力损害。眼外伤的主要风险因素包括年龄、性别、社会经济地位和生活方式。损伤发生的部位也与风险情况相关。现有信息表明，眼外伤在医疗护理、职业康复需求和巨大的社会经济成本方面具有非常重大的影响。本次为世界卫生组织预防失明规划进行的审查中出现的全球眼外伤模式及其后果表明：每年约有5500万例限制活动超过一天的眼外伤发生；每年有75万例需要住院治疗，包括约20万例开放性眼球损伤；约有160万人因伤致盲，另有230万人因此导致双侧低视力，近1900万人有单侧失明或低视力。需要进一步开展流行病学研究，以便更准确地规划预防和管理措施；类似于通过美国眼外伤登记处进行的报告，制定一份标准化的国际眼外伤报告模板可能对此会有帮助。
