Navarro V
Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205.
Int J Health Serv. 1992;22(4):583-601. doi: 10.2190/B2TP-3R5M-Q7UP-DUA2.
This article analyzes the widely held assumption in academia and the mainstream press that capitalism has proven superior to socialism in responding to human needs. The author surveys the health conditions of the world's populations, continent by continent, and shows that, contrary to dominant ideology, socialism and socialist forces have been, for the most part, better able to improve health conditions than have capitalism and capitalist forces. In the underdeveloped world, socialist forces and regimes have, more frequently than not, improved health and social indicators better than capitalist forces and regimes, and in the developed world, countries with strong socialist forces have been better able to improve health conditions than those countries lacking or with weak socialist forces. The socialist experience has, of course, also included negative developments that have negated important components of the socialist project. Still, the evidence presented in this article shows that the historical experience of socialism has not been one of failure. To the contrary: it has been, for the most part, more successful than capitalism in improving the health conditions of the world's populations.
本文分析了学术界和主流媒体中广泛存在的一种假设，即资本主义在满足人类需求方面已被证明优于社会主义。作者逐大洲考察了世界人口的健康状况，并表明，与主流意识形态相反，在很大程度上，社会主义和社会主义力量比资本主义和资本主义力量更有能力改善健康状况。在欠发达世界，社会主义力量和政权往往比资本主义力量和政权更好地改善了健康和社会指标；在发达世界，拥有强大社会主义力量的国家比那些缺乏社会主义力量或社会主义力量薄弱的国家更有能力改善健康状况。当然，社会主义的经历也包括一些负面发展，这些发展否定了社会主义项目的重要组成部分。尽管如此，本文所提供的证据表明，社会主义的历史经验并非失败的经验。相反：在改善世界人口健康状况方面，它在很大程度上比资本主义更成功。
