WILSON S G, MORRIS K R, LEWIS I J, KROG E
Bull World Health Organ. 1963;28(5-6):595-613.
Trypanosomiasis, both of humans and of livestock, is one of the most important factors restricting economic development in Africa today. The present paper outlines how this disease is limiting agricultural, veterinary and forestry development in the Sudan, Bechuanaland and West Africa.The present tsetse-fly distribution is reviewed. Glossina palpalis and G. morsitans occur in the south Sudan and G. morsitans in the Ngamiland district of Bechuanaland; G. morsitans, G. palpalis and G. tachinoides are the most important species in West Africa.These tsetse flies have altered the cattle distribution in all three regions and, in addition to causing widespread disease, have created local overstocking problems in the tsetse-free grazing areas, and have enforced nomadism on breeding herds and economic loss in slaughter cattle along the trade cattle routes in West Africa.Human trypanosomiasis is not now such an urgent problem and public health measures have led to its control in all three areas.Increased agricultural development, which can be a successful and economic method of reclaiming land from tsetse flies, must be intensified in all three areas.Forest conservation policy comes into conflict with tsetse control measures only in West Africa.Detailed tsetse-fly surveys and research, on which future plans can be firmly based, are now urgently required.
人类和家畜的锥虫病是当今非洲限制经济发展的最重要因素之一。本文概述了这种疾病是如何在苏丹、贝专纳兰和西非限制农业、兽医和林业发展的。文中回顾了当前采采蝇的分布情况。在苏丹南部有须舌蝇和刺舌蝇，在贝专纳兰的恩加米兰地区有刺舌蝇；须舌蝇、有须舌蝇和嗜人舌蝇是西非最重要的种类。这些采采蝇改变了所有这三个地区的牛群分布，除了造成广泛的疾病外，还在无采采蝇的放牧地区造成了局部过度放牧问题，并迫使繁殖牛群游牧，导致西非贸易牛路线上的屠宰牛经济损失。人类锥虫病目前已不是一个紧迫问题，公共卫生措施已使这三个地区的该病得到控制。在所有这三个地区都必须加强农业发展，这是从采采蝇手中夺回土地的一种成功且经济的方法。森林保护政策仅在西非与采采蝇控制措施存在冲突。现在迫切需要进行详细的采采蝇调查和研究，以便为未来的计划奠定坚实基础。
