WALLER R E, COMMINS B T, LAWTHER P J
Br J Ind Med. 1961 Oct;18(4):250-9. doi: 10.1136/oem.18.4.250.
As a part of a study of pollution of the air by motor vehicles, measurements have been made in two London road tunnels during periods of high traffic density. The concentrations of smoke and polycyclic hydrocarbons found there are much higher than the average values in Central London, but they are of the same order of magnitude as those occurring during temperature inversions on winter evenings when smoke from coal fires accumulates at a low level. An attempt has been made to relate the concentration of each pollutant to the type and amount of traffic. Both diesel and petrol vehicles make some contribution to the amounts of smoke and polycyclic hydrocarbons found in the tunnels, but in the case of smoke, fluoranthene, 1: 2-benzpyrene, pyrene, and 3: 4-benzpyrene, the concentrations appear to be more closely related to the density of diesel traffic than to that of petrol traffic. The concentrations of lead and carbon monoxide have also been determined, and these are very closely related to the density of petrol traffic. During the morning and evening rush hours the mean concentration of carbon monoxide was just over 100 p.p.m. and peak values up to 500 p.p.m. were recorded at times. Oxides of nitrogen were determined in some of the experiments and there was always much more nitric oxide than nitrogen dioxide. Eye irritation was experienced but its cause was not investigated. The concentration of pollution in the tunnels does not appear to be high enough to create any special hazards for short-term exposures. The amosphere at peak periods may become very dirty and unpleasant and the concentration of carbon monoxide would be sufficient to produce some effect over a period of several hours' continuous exposure. The total emission of pollution from road vehicles must still be small in comparison with that from coal fires, but the effect of traffic on the concentration of smoke, polycyclic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and lead in the air of city streets deserves continued study.
作为机动车对空气污染研究的一部分，在交通密度高峰期对伦敦的两条公路隧道进行了测量。在那里发现的烟雾和多环烃浓度远高于伦敦市中心的平均值，但与冬季夜晚出现温度逆温时，燃煤产生的烟雾在低空积聚时的浓度处于同一量级。已尝试将每种污染物的浓度与交通类型和流量联系起来。柴油车和汽油车都对隧道中发现的烟雾和多环烃量有一定贡献，但就烟雾、荧蒽、1:2 - 苯并芘、芘和3:4 - 苯并芘而言，其浓度似乎与柴油交通密度的关系比与汽油交通密度的关系更为密切。还测定了铅和一氧化碳的浓度，这些与汽油交通密度密切相关。在早晚高峰时段，一氧化碳的平均浓度略高于百万分之一百，有时记录到的峰值高达百万分之五百。在一些实验中测定了氮氧化物，一氧化氮的含量总是远多于二氧化氮。有人感到眼睛受到刺激，但未对其原因进行调查。隧道中的污染浓度似乎不足以对短期接触造成任何特殊危害。高峰期的空气可能会变得非常污浊和令人不适，一氧化碳浓度在持续接触数小时的情况下足以产生一定影响。与燃煤产生的污染排放相比，道路车辆的污染总排放量想必仍然较小，但交通对城市街道空气中烟雾、多环烃、一氧化碳和铅浓度的影响值得持续研究。
