Cody J T
Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland AFB, TX 78236-5300.
J Chromatogr. 1992 Sep 16;580(1-2):77-95. doi: 10.1016/0378-4347(92)80529-y.
Analysis of the enantiomers of methamphetamine and its metabolite amphetamine is an extremely important process for a number of scientific disciplines. From studies of biological activity and mechanisms through determination of precursor molecules in a criminal investigation are all served by this analytical procedure. Utilization of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with chiral derivatizing reagents is the most common chiral procedure and produces excellent results. Of the chiral derivatizing reagents available, the most widely used is trifluoroacetyl-l-prolyl chloride (TPC). Utilization of other derivatives require either synthesis by the analyst or have not shown themselves to provide as good a separation as did the TPC reagent. Use of chiral stationary phases yield good results but the disadvantages of temperature limits of these columns and the narrow use to which the columns can be put has limited their utilization. A significant utility of the chiral stationary phase is the ability to determine the purity of a chiral derivatizing reagent. Even if not used for routine analysis of enantiomers, utilization of this procedure can determine the purity of a reagent such as TPC and allow for accurate calculation of actual amounts of each enantiomer. This can be estimated using chiral derivatives on an achiral column, but it is limited to the extent that it is not able to differentiate enantiomeric impurity in the reagent versus the drug itself. Description of chromatographic procedures primarily focusing on gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric techniques but also including liquid chromatographic techniques along with examples of extraction and derivatization procedures is the focus of this review.
甲基苯丙胺及其代谢物苯丙胺对映体的分析对于许多科学学科来说是一个极其重要的过程。从生物活性和机制研究到刑事调查中前体分子的测定，这一分析程序都能发挥作用。使用带有手性衍生化试剂的气相色谱 - 质谱联用是最常见的手性分析方法，并且能产生出色的结果。在现有的手性衍生化试剂中，使用最广泛的是三氟乙酰 - L - 脯氨酰氯（TPC）。使用其他衍生物要么需要分析人员自行合成，要么并未表现出像TPC试剂那样良好的分离效果。使用手性固定相能产生良好的结果，但这些色谱柱的温度限制以及使用范围较窄的缺点限制了它们的应用。手性固定相的一个重要用途是能够测定手性衍生化试剂的纯度。即使不用于对映体的常规分析，利用这一程序也能测定TPC等试剂的纯度，并能准确计算每种对映体的实际含量。这可以使用非手性柱上的手性衍生物进行估算，但它的局限性在于无法区分试剂中的对映体杂质与药物本身的对映体杂质。本综述的重点是色谱分析程序的描述，主要侧重于气相色谱 - 质谱联用技术，但也包括液相色谱技术以及萃取和衍生化程序的示例。
