Braver E R, Preusser C W, Preusser D F, Baum H M, Beilock R, Ulmer R
J Public Health Policy. 1992 Autumn;13(3):341-66.
Fatigue and long driving hours have been implicated as risk factors in truck crashes. Under federal regulations, commercial drivers are permitted to drive no more than 10 hours before having an 8-hour break and cannot work more than 70 hours over an 8-day period. Several studies have suggested that violations of these rules are common. A survey of long haul tractor-trailer drivers was conducted to estimate what proportion of drivers report that they regularly violate the hours-of-service rules and to identify the drivers most likely to commit hours-of-service violations. During December 1990 through April 1991, a total of 1,249 drivers were interviewed at truck safety inspection stations, truck stops, and agricultural inspection stations in Connecticut, Florida, Oklahoma, and Oregon. In each state, interviews were conducted during varying periods of the day over the course of seven days at inspection stations. Overall, 89 percent of eligible drivers asked for interviews participated in the survey. According to self-reports, almost three-fourths of the respondents violate hours-of-service rules. About two-thirds of the drivers reported that they routinely drive or work more than the weekly maximum. A primary impetus for violating rules appears to be economic factors, including tight delivery schedules and low payment rates. Many other driver, job, and vehicle characteristics were significantly associated with being an hours-of-service violator. The high prevalence of hours-of-service violations among tractor-trailer drivers is a problem in need of urgent attention. Potential measures to reduce the prevalence of rules violations include more enforcement directed toward carriers, wider use of electronic recorders, and increasing the number of rest areas.
疲劳和长时间驾驶已被视为卡车碰撞事故的风险因素。根据联邦法规，商业司机在休息8小时之前最多允许驾驶10小时，且在8天内工作时间不能超过70小时。多项研究表明，违反这些规定的情况很常见。一项针对长途牵引式挂车司机的调查旨在估计有多大比例的司机报告他们经常违反服务时长规定，并找出最有可能违反服务时长规定的司机。在1990年12月至1991年4月期间，在康涅狄格州、佛罗里达州、俄克拉何马州和俄勒冈州的卡车安全检查站、卡车停靠站和农业检查站，共对1249名司机进行了访谈。在每个州，在检查站的七天时间里，于一天中的不同时段进行访谈。总体而言，被邀请访谈的符合条件的司机中有89%参与了调查。根据自我报告，近四分之三的受访者违反服务时长规定。约三分之二司机报告称，他们日常驾驶或工作时间超过了每周的上限。违反规定的一个主要推动因素似乎是经济因素，包括交货时间紧迫和报酬率低。许多其他司机、工作和车辆特征与成为服务时长违规者显著相关。牵引式挂车司机中服务时长违规的高发生率是一个亟待关注的问题。减少违规发生率的潜在措施包括对运输公司加大执法力度、更广泛地使用电子记录仪以及增加休息区数量。
