Williamson Ann
New South Wales Injury Risk Management Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Dec 1;166(11):1320-6. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwm205. Epub 2007 Aug 22.
Two national cross-sectional surveys of fatigue and its effects in long-distance road transport in Australia showed that stimulant use was a common feature of this industry. Between one in five and one in three drivers reported using stimulants at least sometimes, and a significant proportion reported stimulant use as a most helpful fatigue management strategy. This study reanalyzed the surveys with the aim of identifying predictors of stimulant drug use by drivers. The surveys were administered in 1991 (n = 970) and 1998 (n = 1,007) by interview and self-administration. Logistic regression analysis conducted separately for each survey showed that stimulant drug use was twice as likely for drivers who had the greatest problem in managing fatigue and was two to three times more likely for drivers paid on a payment-by-results or contingency-payment basis. Younger, less experienced drivers were also more likely to take drugs. This analysis demonstrates the involvement of external factors, especially productivity-based payment systems, in stimulant drug use by truck drivers; findings were confirmed in two separate surveys conducted 7 years apart. Results highlight the important role of economic and organizational factors in occupational health and safety problems.
澳大利亚两项关于疲劳及其对长途公路运输影响的全国性横断面调查显示，使用兴奋剂是该行业的一个常见特征。五分之一到三分之一的司机报告称至少有时会使用兴奋剂，而且相当一部分人将使用兴奋剂视为最有效的疲劳管理策略。本研究重新分析了这些调查，目的是确定司机使用兴奋剂药物的预测因素。调查于1991年（n = 970）和1998年（n = 1,007）通过访谈和自我填写问卷的方式进行。对每项调查分别进行的逻辑回归分析表明，在管理疲劳方面问题最大的司机使用兴奋剂药物的可能性是其他司机的两倍，而按结果付费或应急付费的司机使用兴奋剂药物的可能性则高出两到三倍。年轻、经验不足的司机也更有可能吸毒。该分析表明外部因素，尤其是基于生产率的薪酬制度，与卡车司机使用兴奋剂药物有关；相隔7年进行的两项独立调查证实了这一发现。结果凸显了经济和组织因素在职业健康与安全问题中的重要作用。
