Wieman G A, Campbell J B, Deshazer J A, Berry I L
West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska, North Platte 69101.
J Econ Entomol. 1992 Oct;85(5):1835-42. doi: 10.1093/jee/85.5.1835.
Cattle respond to the feeding of stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), by bunching to protect their front legs. This bunching can increase heat stress which indirectly accounts for much of the reduction in cattle weight gains. We used fly-screened, self-contained feedlot pens which allowed regulation of fly populations feeding on cattle. The indirect fly effects (bunching and heat stress) accounted for 71.5% of the reduced weight gain. The direct effect of the biting flies and energy loss involved in fighting flies accounted for 28.5% of the reduced weight gain.
牛在遭受厩螫蝇（Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)）叮咬时，会聚集在一起以保护前腿。这种聚集会增加热应激，而热应激间接导致了牛体重增加量的大幅减少。我们使用了带有防蝇网的独立饲养围栏，这样可以控制叮咬牛的苍蝇数量。苍蝇的间接影响（聚集和热应激）占体重增加量减少的71.5%。叮咬苍蝇的直接影响以及驱赶苍蝇所消耗的能量占体重增加量减少的28.5%。
