Souder E, Yoder L
College of Nursing, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205.
J Neurosci Nurs. 1992 Oct;24(5):273-80. doi: 10.1097/01376517-199210000-00009.
Although olfactory complaints prompt an estimated 200,000 people each year to seek medical consultation in the U.S., there is a dearth of information available in the nursing literature. Recent research links olfaction to degenerative processes in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection. This article reviews anatomy and physiology of the olfactory system, describes alterations in smell function and reviews assessment with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and odor detection threshold testing. Nurses can advocate thorough assessment and prompt treatment of associated conditions, and educate the patient and family regarding ways to maximize current functioning when olfaction is impaired.
在美国，尽管每年估计有20万人因嗅觉问题寻求医疗咨询，但护理文献中可用的信息却很匮乏。最近的研究将嗅觉与阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和人类免疫缺陷病毒感染中的退行性过程联系起来。本文回顾了嗅觉系统的解剖学和生理学，描述了嗅觉功能的改变，并回顾了使用宾夕法尼亚大学嗅觉识别测试和气味检测阈值测试进行的评估。护士可以倡导对相关病症进行全面评估和及时治疗，并就嗅觉受损时如何最大限度地发挥当前功能对患者及其家属进行教育。
