Malouff J, Schutte N, Frohardt M, Deming W, Mantelli D
Nova College, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314.
J Psychol. 1992 Jul;126(4):371-83. doi: 10.1080/00223980.1992.10543370.
We examined the potential effectiveness of U.S. government cigarette warnings in preventing adolescent smoking. In Study 1, 112 seventh graders rated the effectiveness of four currently required warnings and four possible other warnings and answered questions about the meaning of certain words in the warnings. In Study 2, 115 seventh graders attempted to recall the four current warnings; in Study 3, 103 eighth and ninth graders read all eight warnings one day and tried to recall them the next day. In Study 4, 25 seventh graders participated in a focus session in which they discussed the effectiveness of each of the eight warnings. The results of the studies showed that the four different evaluation strategies had convergent validity and that two current warnings and two proposed warnings are significantly more potentially effective than the other two current warnings. Our results also provided information about why some warnings are more potentially effective than others.
我们研究了美国政府香烟警示在预防青少年吸烟方面的潜在效果。在研究1中，112名七年级学生对四条当前要求的警示以及另外四条可能的警示的效果进行了评分，并回答了关于警示中某些词汇含义的问题。在研究2中，115名七年级学生尝试回忆四条当前的警示；在研究3中，103名八年级和九年级学生在某一天阅读了所有八条警示，并在第二天尝试回忆它们。在研究4中，25名七年级学生参与了一个焦点讨论环节，在该环节中他们讨论了八条警示中每条警示的效果。研究结果表明，这四种不同的评估策略具有收敛效度，并且两条当前的警示和两条提议的警示比另外两条当前的警示在潜在效果上显著更强。我们的结果还提供了关于为何一些警示比其他警示更具潜在效果的信息。
