Clark M L, Ayers M
Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University.
J Psychol. 1992 Jul;126(4):393-405. doi: 10.1080/00223980.1992.10543372.
We studied the relationship of reciprocity, gender, and racial composition (Caucasian, African American, cross-race) of adolescent friendship dyads to similarity and proximity in 136 young adolescents. We found that adolescents selected friends who were of the same gender and race and that female dyads were more similar than male dyads on verbal achievement and several personality dimensions. Caucasian dyads were more similar than African American dyads on verbal achievement, mental alertness, and dominance. African American adolescents had more contact with their best friends outside school, whereas Caucasian adolescent friends had more in-school contact. African American students had fewer reciprocal relationships than the Caucasian students. Cross-race friendships were less reciprocal than same-race friendships. Race and gender were important in determining friendship patterns. Similarity and proximity were more important than reciprocity in understanding early adolescent friendships.
我们研究了136名青少年友谊二元组中的互惠性、性别和种族构成（白人、非裔美国人、跨种族）与相似性和亲近程度之间的关系。我们发现，青少年会选择与自己性别和种族相同的朋友，并且在语言成绩和几个性格维度上，女性二元组比男性二元组更相似。在语言成绩、思维敏捷度和支配性方面，白人二元组比非裔美国人二元组更相似。非裔美国青少年与他们最好的朋友在学校外有更多接触，而白人青少年朋友在学校内有更多接触。非裔美国学生的互惠关系比白人学生少。跨种族友谊的互惠性比同种族友谊少。种族和性别在决定友谊模式方面很重要。在理解青少年早期友谊方面，相似性和亲近程度比互惠性更重要。
